According to the French Ministry of Economy , decarbonization for a company or on a territorial scale mainly consists of the progressive reduction of greenhouse gas-emitting energies, in other words fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil). Several types of practices are thus developed by companies: energy sobriety , which consists of reducing their consumption of fossil fuels, through basic measures (such as reducing heating and lighting).
Companies can also increase their energy efficiency by investing in more energy-efficient production equipment, through digital technology or by recycling industrial waste or co-products. Beyond these processes, and depending on the industrial activities considered, decarbonization also lies in the substitution spain phone number list of fossil fuels with renewable energies (solar, wind, methanation, or even hydrogen) or even with nuclear-generated electricity. However, some electricity will always be produced by fossil resources that will emit CO 2 . Hence the use of a new technology, that of CO2 capture and storage , which was recognized as such in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the COP21 Agreement in 2015. The gas thus collected will be buried in geological wells, in particular in disused oil wells, then used for the production of e-fuels, i.e. synthetic fuels produced precisely from decarbonized electricity.
To what extent can the circular economy and decarbonization be levers for the development and transition of territories towards more sustainable development, thus integrating economic, environmental and social dimensions?
Our thinking focuses on the particular territories that are industrial ports, in particular that of Dunkirk for reasons set out below.